Introduction About Phd In Audiology

A Doctor Of Philosophy (Ph.D.) In Audiology Is An Advanced Academic Degree Program That Focuses On The In-Depth Study And Research Of Various Aspects Related To Audiology. Audiology Is A Branch Of Science That Deals With The Study Of Hearing, Balance, And Related Disorders. Individuals Pursuing A Ph.D. In Audiology Are Typically Committed To Advancing The Knowledge And Understanding Of Auditory Processes, Hearing Disorders, And Rehabilitation Strategies.

The Program Encompasses A Comprehensive Exploration Of The Physiological, Psychological, And Technological Aspects Of Hearing And Communication. Students In A Ph.D. In Audiology Program Often Engage In Rigorous Coursework, Advanced Research Projects, And Clinical Experiences To Develop Expertise In Their Chosen Areas Of Specialization Within The Field. Specializations May Include Auditory Neuroscience, Cochlear Implants, Pediatric Audiology, Geriatric Audiology, Vestibular Disorders, And Hearing Aid Technology, Among Others.

Doctoral Candidates In Audiology Are Expected To Contribute To The Field Through Original Research, Innovation, And The Development Of Evidence-Based Practices. The Research Component Of The Program Involves Designing And Conducting Experiments, Collecting And Analyzing Data, And Disseminating Findings Through Publications And Presentations. The Goal Is To Contribute New Knowledge That Can Enhance The Diagnosis, Treatment, And Prevention Of Hearing And Balance Disorders.

Ph.D. In Audiology Programs Often Foster Interdisciplinary Collaboration, As Students May Work With Professionals From Fields Such As Medicine, Psychology, Engineering, And Education. This Multidisciplinary Approach Reflects The Complexity Of Auditory Science And Its Applications In Various Domains.

Upon Completion Of A Ph.D. In Audiology, Graduates Are Well-Prepared For Careers In Academia, Research Institutions, Healthcare Settings, And Industry. They May Contribute To Advancements In Diagnostic Tools, Treatment Methods, And Rehabilitation Strategies For Individuals With Hearing And Balance Issues. Overall, The Program Equips Individuals With The Skills And Knowledge Needed To Make Significant Contributions To The Evolving Field Of Audiology.

How Can I Apply For Admission To Phd In Audiology Program

Applying For Admission To A Ph.D. In Audiology Program Involves Several Steps. Here Is A General Guide To Help You Navigate The Application Process:

Research Programs: Start By Researching Ph.D. In Audiology Programs Offered By Different Universities. Look For Programs That Align With Your Research Interests And Career Goals. Consider Factors Such As Faculty Expertise, Research Facilities, And Program Reputation.

Meet Admission Requirements: Ensure That You Meet The Admission Requirements Of The Programs You Are Interested In. Typical Requirements May Include A Master's Degree In Audiology Or A Related Field, Relevant Coursework, A Strong Academic Record, And Sometimes Professional Experience.

Prepare Application Materials: Gather All Required Application Materials, Which Commonly Include:

Completed Application Form

Transcripts From Previous Academic Institutions

Letters Of Recommendation (Usually From Academic And/Or Professional References)

Statement Of Purpose Outlining Your Research Interests And Career Goals

Resume Or Curriculum Vitae (Cv)

Standardized Test Scores (E.G., Gre, If Required)

Writing Samples Or A Research Proposal

Proof Of English Language Proficiency For Non-Native English Speakers (E.G., Toefl Or Ielts Scores)

Take Standardized Tests: If Required By The Program, Take Any Necessary Standardized Tests (E.G., Gre) And Ensure That Your Scores Are Sent To The Institutions Where You Are Applying.

Application Fee: Pay The Application Fees For Each Program You Are Applying To. Fee Amounts Can Vary, So Check With Each Institution For Their Specific Requirements.

Submit Application: Complete And Submit Your Applications Through The Online Application Portals Of The Respective Universities. Make Sure To Follow All Instructions And Deadlines Provided By Each Program.

Interviews: Some Programs May Require Interviews As Part Of The Admission Process. Prepare For Interviews By Reviewing Your Application Materials And Being Ready To Discuss Your Research Interests And Experiences.

Financial Aid And Scholarships: Explore Opportunities For Financial Aid, Scholarships, Or Assistantships Offered By The University Or External Organizations. Some Programs May Have Specific Deadlines For Scholarship Applications.

Wait For Admission Decisions: Once You Have Submitted Your Applications, Wait For Admission Decisions. This Process May Take Several Weeks Or Months, Depending On The Program.

Acceptance And Enrollment: If You Receive Offers Of Admission, Carefully Consider Your Options And Respond According To The Instructions Provided By The Universities. After Accepting An Offer, Complete Any Additional Enrollment Requirements.

Remember To Check The Specific Requirements And Deadlines Of Each Ph.D. In Audiology Program You Are Applying To, As They May Vary. Good Luck With Your Application!

What Is The Eligibility For Phd In Audiology

Eligibility Criteria For A Ph.D. In Audiology Can Vary Between Universities And Programs, But There Are Some Common Requirements That You Might Encounter. Keep In Mind That Specific Details May Differ, So It's Crucial To Check The Admission Guidelines Of The Particular Institution You Are Interested In. Here Are General Eligibility Criteria:

Educational Background:

A Master's Degree In Audiology Or A Closely Related Field Is Typically Required. Some Programs May Consider Applicants With A Relevant Bachelor's Degree, Especially If They Have Extensive Professional Experience.

Academic Performance:

A Strong Academic Record Is Usually Essential. Most Programs Have A Minimum Gpa (Grade Point Average) Requirement For Admission. This Requirement Can Vary, But A Gpa Of 3.0 Or Higher On A 4.0 Scale Is Common.

Relevant Coursework:

Some Programs May Require Specific Coursework In Areas Related To Audiology Or Research Methods. Ensure That Your Academic Background Aligns With The Prerequisites Outlined By The Program.

Professional Experience:

While Not Always Mandatory, Some Programs May Prefer Or Require Applicants To Have Relevant Professional Experience In Audiology Or A Related Field. This Could Include Clinical Experience, Research Experience, Or Work In A Related Healthcare Setting.

Letters Of Recommendation:

Most Ph.D. Programs In Audiology Require Letters Of Recommendation. These Letters Are Typically From Individuals Who Can Attest To Your Academic And/Or Professional Capabilities. Professors, Employers, Or Colleagues Are Common Choices.

Statement Of Purpose:

A Well-Written Statement Of Purpose Or Personal Statement Is Often Required. This Document Should Articulate Your Research Interests, Career Goals, And Why You Are Interested In Pursuing A Ph.D. In Audiology At That Particular Institution.

Standardized Test Scores:

Some Programs May Require Standardized Test Scores, Such As The Graduate Record Examination (Gre). Check The Specific Requirements Of Each Program To Determine If These Tests Are Necessary.

English Language Proficiency:

For International Students Or Those Whose Primary Language Is Not English, Proof Of English Language Proficiency Through Tests Like Toefl Or Ielts May Be Required.

Research Proposal Or Writing Sample:

Some Programs May Request A Research Proposal Outlining Your Intended Area Of Research Or A Writing Sample That Demonstrates Your Academic Writing And Research Skills.

It's Crucial To Carefully Review The Admission Requirements Of The Specific Ph.D. In Audiology Programs You Are Interested In, As These Can Vary. Reach Out To The Admissions Office Of  University If You Have Any Questions Or Need Clarification On The Eligibility Criteria.

How Long Does It Takes To Complete A Phd In Audiology Program

The Duration Of A Ph.D. In Audiology Program Can Vary Based On Several Factors, Including The Specific Requirements Of The Program, The Individual Progress Of The Student, And The Nature Of The Research Involved. Generally, Completing A Ph.D. In Audiology Can Take Approximately 4 To 6 Years On Average.

Here Is A Breakdown Of The Typical Timeline:

Coursework (1-2 Years):

The First Phase Of A Ph.D. Program Often Involves Coursework To Build A Solid Foundation In The Chosen Field Of Study. This Coursework Can Take 1 To 2 Years To Complete, And It May Include Both General Research Methods And Specialized Courses Related To Audiology.

Comprehensive Examinations (1-2 Years):

After Completing Coursework, Students Typically Undergo Comprehensive Examinations To Demonstrate Their Understanding Of The Field And Their Ability To Apply Knowledge To Research Questions. The Preparation And Completion Of Comprehensive Exams Can Take An Additional 1 To 2 Years.

Research And Dissertation Proposal (1-2 Years):

Once Comprehensive Exams Are Passed, Students Focus On Developing Their Research Projects And Dissertation Proposals. This Phase Involves Literature Reviews, Research Design, And Proposal Writing. It Can Take 1 To 2 Years To Finalize The Proposal.

Dissertation Research And Writing (2-3 Years):

The Bulk Of The Ph.D. Program Is Dedicated To Conducting Original Research For The Dissertation. This Phase Involves Data Collection, Analysis, And Interpretation. The Duration Can Vary Widely, But It Often Takes 2 To 3 Years To Complete The Research And Write The Dissertation.

Dissertation Defense And Graduation:

The Final Step Is Defending The Dissertation Before A Committee Of Faculty Members. Upon Successful Defense, Students Are Awarded The Ph.D. In Audiology.

It's Important To Note That These Timelines Are General Estimates, And Actual Completion Times Can Vary. Factors Such As The Complexity Of The Research, The Availability Of Resources, And Individual Progress In The Program Can Influence The Overall Duration.

Additionally, Some Ph.D. Programs May Offer Opportunities For Accelerated Completion, While Others May Provide Flexibility For Students Who Need Additional Time. Prospective Students Should Review The Specific Requirements And Expectations Of The Ph.D. In Audiology Program They Are Interested In To Better Understand The Anticipated Timeline.

What Are Potential Career Opportunities After Phd In Audiology

Earning A Ph.D. In Audiology Opens Up A Range Of Potential Career Opportunities, Allowing Graduates To Contribute Significantly To The Field Through Research, Academia, Clinical Practice, And Leadership Roles. Here Are Some Potential Career Paths:

University Professor Or Researcher:

Many Ph.D. In Audiology Graduates Choose To Pursue Academic Careers As Professors Or Researchers At Universities. They May Teach Courses In Audiology, Conduct Research, And Contribute To Advancements In The Field.

Research Scientist:

Ph.D. Holders Can Work As Research Scientists In Academic Institutions, Research Organizations, Or Private Industry. They May Focus On Areas Such As Auditory Neuroscience, Hearing Disorders, Assistive Technologies, Or Other Specialized Fields Within Audiology.

Clinical Audiologist And Supervisor:

Some Graduates Choose To Continue Practicing As Clinical Audiologists, Providing Diagnostic And Rehabilitative Services To Individuals With Hearing And Balance Disorders. With A Ph.D., They May Take On Supervisory Or Leadership Roles Within Clinical Settings.

Industry And Product Development:

Opportunities Exist In Industry, Particularly In The Development Of Hearing Aids, Cochlear Implants, And Other Assistive Technologies. Ph.D. Holders May Work For Companies Involved In The Design, Testing, And Improvement Of Auditory Devices.

Government And Public Health Roles:

Ph.D. In Audiology Graduates May Contribute To Public Health Initiatives, Working For Government Agencies Or Non-Profit Organizations. They Might Be Involved In Policy Development, Program Evaluation, Or Public Health Research Related To Hearing And Communication.

Consultant Or Expert Witness:

Some Individuals With A Ph.D. In Audiology Choose To Work As Consultants, Providing Expertise To Legal Cases, Healthcare Organizations, Or Industry. They May Serve As Expert Witnesses In Legal Proceedings Related To Auditory Issues.

Administrator In Healthcare Settings:

Ph.D. Holders May Take On Administrative Roles In Healthcare Settings, Overseeing Audiology Departments Or Contributing To The Development Of Clinical Programs. This Can Involve Leadership Positions Within Hospitals, Clinics, Or Healthcare Organizations.

International Development And Education:

Opportunities Exist For Ph.D. In Audiology Graduates To Work In International Development, Contributing To Projects Aimed At Improving Hearing Healthcare In Underserved Regions. They May Also Be Involved In Education And Training Programs For Audiologists In Different Parts Of The World.

Entrepreneurship:

Some Ph.D. Holders Choose Entrepreneurial Paths, Starting Their Own Businesses Or Consulting Firms. This Could Involve Creating Innovative Solutions, Providing Specialized Services, Or Developing Products Related To Audiology.

Continuing Education And Training:

Ph.D. Graduates May Engage In Continuing Education And Training, Providing Workshops, Seminars, And Courses To Professionals In The Field. This Can Contribute To The Ongoing Professional Development Of Audiologists.

The Diverse Nature Of Career Opportunities After Earning A Ph.D. In Audiology Allows Individuals To Tailor Their Paths Based On Their Interests, Expertise, And Desired Impact On The Field.

Syllabus Of Phd In Audiology

Semester 1:

Advanced Auditory Physiology:

In-Depth Study Of The Physiological Processes Related To Hearing, Including The Anatomy And Function Of The Auditory System.

Quantitative Research Methods:

Introduction To Advanced Statistical And Research Methodologies Used In Audiology Research.

Seminar In Auditory Neuroscience:

Exploration Of Current Research And Developments In Auditory Neuroscience, Including Neuroimaging Techniques And Their Applications.

Semester 2:

Advanced Hearing Assessment:

Comprehensive Examination Of Advanced Diagnostic Techniques For Assessing Hearing Disorders.

Special Topics In Pediatric Audiology:

Focus On Pediatric Audiology, Including Assessment And Intervention Strategies For Children With Hearing Impairments.

Grant Writing And Research Proposal Development:

Training In Developing Research Proposals And Securing Funding For Research Projects.

Semester 3:

Advanced Vestibular Assessment And Rehabilitation:

Study Of Vestibular Disorders, Assessment Tools, And Rehabilitation Strategies.

Ethics In Audiology Research:

Exploration Of Ethical Considerations In Audiology Research, Including Human Subjects' Protections And Responsible Conduct Of Research.

Teaching Practicum:

Practical Experience In Teaching Audiology Concepts Or Techniques To Undergraduate Students.

Semester 4:

Advanced Amplification And Hearing Aid Technology:

In-Depth Examination Of Hearing Aid Technology, Including Advanced Signal Processing And Emerging Trends.

Clinical Internship I:

Supervised Clinical Experience In A Specialized Area Of Audiology Practice.

Seminar In Auditory Rehabilitation:

Discussion Of Current Research And Practices In Auditory Rehabilitation, Including Assistive Listening Devices And Communication Strategies.

Semester 5:

Cochlear Implants: Advanced Concepts:

Study Of Advanced Concepts In Cochlear Implant Technology, Candidacy Criteria, And Outcomes.

Grant Implementation And Project Management:

Practical Application Of Grant-Writing Skills, Including Project Management And Implementation Of Research Studies.

Clinical Internship Ii:

Continued Supervised Clinical Experience In A Different Setting Or Specialization.

Semester 6:

Dissertation Proposal Development:

Development And Refinement Of The Dissertation Proposal, Including Literature Review And Research Design.

Professional Development In Audiology:

Exploration Of Career Paths, Professional Organizations, And Leadership In Audiology.

Advanced Topics In Auditory Processing Disorders:

Examination Of Advanced Concepts In Auditory Processing Disorders, Including Assessment And Intervention.

Semester 7-8:

Dissertation Research And Writing:

Conducting Original Research, Data Analysis, And Writing The Dissertation.

Dissertation Defense Preparation:

Preparation For The Dissertation Defense, Including Mock Defenses And Feedback.

Professional Presentations And Publications:

Strategies For Presenting Research Findings At Conferences And Preparing Manuscripts For Publication.

Please Note That This Is A General Hypothetical Syllabus, And Actual Programs May Have Different Course Titles, Content, And Structures. Additionally, The Duration Of The Program May Vary Based On Individual Progress And The Specific Requirements Of The Ph.D. In Audiology Program.

Internship Opportunities After Completing Phd In Audiology

After Completing A Ph.D. In Audiology, There Are Several Potential Internship Opportunities That Can Enhance Your Skills, Provide Practical Experience, And Contribute To Your Professional Development. The Specific Opportunities May Vary Based On Your Interests, Specialization, And The Institutions Or Organizations You Engage With. Here Are Some Potential Internship Opportunities:

Postdoctoral Research Fellowships:

Engage In Postdoctoral Research Fellowships At Universities, Research Institutions, Or Laboratories. These Fellowships Provide Opportunities To Work On Cutting-Edge Research Projects, Collaborate With Experienced Researchers, And Contribute To The Advancement Of Audiology Knowledge.

Clinical Internships In Specialized Settings:

Pursue Clinical Internships In Specialized Settings Such As Hospitals, Clinics, Or Private Practices. These Internships Can Provide Hands-On Experience In Diagnosing And Treating A Wide Range Of Auditory And Vestibular Disorders.

Industry Internships:

Explore Internship Opportunities With Companies Involved In The Development Of Hearing Aids, Cochlear Implants, And Other Assistive Technologies. This Can Provide Insights Into Industry Practices, Product Development, And The Application Of Research In A Commercial Context.

Government Or Nonprofit Organizations:

Intern With Government Agencies Or Nonprofit Organizations Focused On Public Health, Hearing Healthcare, Or Disability Services. These Internships May Involve Policy Research, Program Development, Or Community Outreach Initiatives.

International Development Projects:

Participate In Internships Related To International Development Projects That Aim To Improve Hearing Healthcare In Underserved Regions. This Could Involve Collaborating With Ngos, Government Agencies, Or Global Health Organizations.

Teaching Internships:

Gain Teaching Experience Through Internships Or Adjunct Positions At Universities Or Community Colleges. This Can Involve Teaching Audiology Courses, Supervising Clinical Practicum Experiences, Or Contributing To Educational Programs.

Consulting Opportunities:

Explore Consulting Opportunities Where You Can Apply Your Expertise To Provide Guidance To Healthcare Organizations, Industry Partners, Or Government Agencies. This Could Involve Offering Insights On Best Practices, Program Development, Or Research Initiatives.

Hospital Or Healthcare Administration Internships:

Internships In Hospital Or Healthcare Administration Can Provide Exposure To The Management And Leadership Aspects Of Audiology Services. This May Include Participating In Strategic Planning, Quality Improvement Initiatives, And Administrative Processes.

Virtual Or Teleaudiology Internships:

With The Increasing Use Of Technology In Healthcare, Consider Internships Focused On Virtual Or Teleaudiology. This Could Involve Providing Remote Diagnostic Services, Developing Telehealth Programs, Or Contributing To The Use Of Teleaudiology In Research.

Professional Development And Advocacy:

Intern With Professional Organizations, Advocacy Groups, Or Associations Dedicated To Audiology. This Can Involve Contributing To Policy Initiatives, Organizing Conferences, Or Participating In Outreach And Awareness Campaigns.

When Seeking Internship Opportunities, Consider Your Career Goals, Interests, And The Skills You Want To Develop Further. Networking, Attending Conferences, And Reaching Out To Professionals In Your Field Can Be Valuable Strategies For Identifying And Securing Internship Opportunities That Align With Your Aspirations.

Scholarships And Grants For Phd In Audiology

Scholarships And Grants For A Ph.D. In Audiology Can Help Alleviate The Financial Burden Of Pursuing Advanced Education. Funding Opportunities Are Available From Various Sources, Including Universities, Government Agencies, Private Foundations, And Professional Organizations. Here Are Some Potential Avenues To Explore:

University Scholarships:

Many Universities Offer Scholarships And Fellowships To Ph.D. Students Based On Academic Merit, Research Potential, Or Specific Areas Of Study Within Audiology. Check With The Financial Aid Or Graduate Studies Office At The University Where You Plan To Enroll.

Research Grants From Funding Agencies:

Explore Research Grants Provided By Government Agencies And Private Foundations That Support Doctoral Research In Audiology. Examples Include The National Institutes Of Health (Nih) And The American Speech-Language-Hearing Foundation (Ashfoundation).

Professional Organizations:

Professional Organizations Related To Audiology May Offer Scholarships, Grants, Or Awards For Doctoral Students. Examples Include The American Academy Of Audiology (Aaa) And The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (Asha).

Corporate Sponsorships:

Some Corporations, Especially Those In The Healthcare And Technology Sectors, Offer Sponsorship Or Scholarship Programs For Students Pursuing Advanced Degrees In Audiology. Research Industry-Specific Opportunities And Partnerships.

Dissertation Grants:

Some Organizations Provide Specific Grants To Support Doctoral Dissertation Research. These Grants Can Help Fund The Costs Associated With Data Collection, Analysis, And Dissemination Of Research Findings.

Government Fellowships:

Investigate Fellowship Programs Offered By Government Agencies That Support Research And Education. In The United States, For Instance, The National Institute On Deafness And Other Communication Disorders (Nidcd) May Offer Fellowship Opportunities.

International Funding Opportunities:

If You Are An International Student, Explore Funding Opportunities From International Organizations, Government Scholarships, And Educational Foundations That Support Doctoral Studies.

Diversity And Inclusion Scholarships:

Some Organizations And Foundations Specifically Provide Scholarships To Underrepresented Groups In Audiology. These Scholarships Aim To Promote Diversity And Inclusion Within The Field.

Private Foundations And Trusts:

Look Into Scholarships Or Grants Offered By Private Foundations And Charitable Trusts That Focus On Supporting Education And Research In Audiology.

State And Local Funding Programs:

Check For State Or Local Funding Programs That May Support Doctoral Students In Audiology. State Departments Of Health, Education, Or Rehabilitation Services May Offer Relevant Opportunities.

When Seeking Scholarships And Grants, Be Sure To Carefully Review Eligibility Criteria, Application Deadlines, And Any Specific Requirements. It's Advisable To Start The Application Process Well In Advance To Meet Deadlines And Provide All Necessary Documentation. Additionally, Consider Reaching Out To Academic Advisors, Faculty Members, And Professionals In The Field For Guidance On Available Funding Opportunities.

Conclusion:

The Program Equips Individuals With The Skills And Knowledge Needed To Make Significant Contributions To The Evolving Field Of Audiology.

Faqs

What Is A Ph.D. In Audiology?

A Ph.D. In Audiology Is A Doctoral-Level Academic Degree That Focuses On Advanced Research And Study In The Field Of Audiology. It Involves In-Depth Exploration Of Auditory Processes, Hearing Disorders, And Related Topics.

How Long Does It Take To Complete A Ph.D. In Audiology?

The Duration Can Vary, But On Average, It Takes About 4 To 6 Years To Complete A Ph.D. In Audiology. The Timeline Includes Coursework, Comprehensive Exams, Dissertation Research, And Defense.

What Are The Eligibility Requirements For A Ph.D. In Audiology?

Eligibility Criteria Typically Include A Master's Degree In Audiology Or A Related Field, A Strong Academic Record, Relevant Coursework, Letters Of Recommendation, And, In Some Cases, Standardized Test Scores.

What Career Opportunities Are Available After Completing A Ph.D. In Audiology?

Graduates Can Pursue Careers As University Professors, Researchers, Clinical Audiologists, Industry Professionals, Government Consultants, And Leaders In Healthcare Settings. The Ph.D. Opens Doors To Advanced Positions And Opportunities For Research And Teaching.

Are There Scholarships Or Financial Aid Options For Ph.D. In Audiology Students?

Yes, There Are Various Scholarship And Grant Opportunities Available From Universities, Government Agencies, Professional Organizations, And Private Foundations. Students Can Explore These Options To Help Fund Their Doctoral Studies.

Can I Pursue A Ph.D. In Audiology If My Background Is Not In Audiology?

In Some Cases, Programs May Consider Applicants With Related Backgrounds, Especially If They Have Relevant Professional Experience Or Coursework. However, A Strong Foundation In Audiology Is Typically Beneficial.

What Is The Difference Between A Ph.D. And A Clinical Doctorate In Audiology (Au.D.)?

While Both Are Doctoral Degrees, A Ph.D. In Audiology Is Focused On Research And Academia, While A Clinical Doctorate In Audiology (Au.D.) Is A Professional Degree For Clinical Practice. The Ph.D. Emphasizes Advanced Research And Contributions To The Field's Knowledge.

Can I Work While Pursuing A Ph.D. In Audiology?

Many Ph.D. Students Work As Teaching Or Research Assistants, But The Workload Can Be Demanding. Balancing Work And Studies Depends On Individual Circumstances, And Some Programs May Have Restrictions On Outside Employment.

What Is The Typical Admission Process For A Ph.D. In Audiology?

The Admission Process Usually Involves Submitting An Application Form, Academic Transcripts, Letters Of Recommendation, A Statement Of Purpose, And, In Some Cases, Standardized Test Scores. Interviews And A Review Of Research Experience May Also Be Part Of The Process.

What Is The Focus Of The Dissertation In A Ph.D. In Audiology Program?

The Dissertation Typically Involves Original Research Contributing To The Field Of Audiology. It Could Focus On Areas Such As Auditory Neuroscience, Hearing Disorders, Rehabilitation Strategies, Or The Development Of New Technologies.