Ph.D. in Planning is the highest academic degree in the discipline of urban, regional, or environmental planning, often requiring 4-6 years of study. The curriculum emphasizes sophisticated research methods, theory building, and policy analysis. Students complete demanding coursework, thorough tests, and original research, culminating in a PhD dissertation. Sustainable development, transportation systems, housing policy, economic development, and environmental management could all be important subjects of research. Graduates can pursue academic jobs, and high-level positions in government agencies, non-profit organizations, and private consulting firms. The degree stresses critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and the capacity to contribute novel solutions to complex planning difficulties in an increasingly urbanized environment.